SATA & PATA

When You have to know about hard disks the first thing you need to know is their interface and SATA & PATA is two different interfaces of hard disks with motherboard, PATA is the older interface and slower connection than SATA.

   PATA or Parallel ATA is designed by Western Digital on 1986, it’s a 40 pin interface and also called IDE. PATA runs on speed maximum 133 Mb/s, in 1986 when PATA first came into market it used to run at 16Mb/s speed and there was later 33, 66, 100, 133 Mb/s speed. PATA is not hot pluggable under any circumstances and PATA works on Master and Slave technology so in PATA one hard drive works like a master and controls other drives like DVD drive, You can’t make RAID in PATA.

SATA or serial ATA or serial advanced technology attachment was first in market on 2003, although when SATA first came into market could not impress at all, because SATA 1.0 (1.5GB/s) has original speed of 150Mb/s slightly faster than the latest PATA connection and hot pluggable but SATA was costlier that time. But after release of SATA 2.0(3Gb/s) on April 2004 of original speed 300Mb/s SATA started to take market share aggressively because SATA was faster , simple and less space consuming, SATA was only 7 pin connector, and after SATA 3.0 (6Gb/s) original speed of 600Mb/s SATA took all market share on 2009.

e SATA

Most of the people don’t know that there is SATA 3.1(released on 2011) & 3.2 (released on 2013), which has theoretical 16Gb/s speed and actual almost 2Gb/s speed, SATA 3.2 is called SATA express, it works like a pci bus that’s why it’s that faster, And don’t confuse  this with e SATA, e SATA is external SATA which can be used like usb for hot pluggable storage device.

SATA power

POWER

PATA power

PATA used to use a 4 pin simple MOLEX power connector but SATA uses a 15 pin SATA power connector.

Why you should must learn C programming language?

Well, can you learn any simple language without learning your mother tongue?  No… just like that you cannot properly learn any programming language without learning C.

  Are you thinking that C is really very backdated and not being used anywhere!.  embedded C is used in most of your smart home appliances, are you astonished?  Don’t be, because there is no programming language which beats C in compiling and executing speed, and you don’t need a costly or powerful chip in embedded C, simple atmega 8  will do your job which cost almost 3 US$, seems very cheap right?

  So, C is still not completely thrown out of the market and C is very easy to learn also, one educated 15 years old boy can learn C in only 7 days… can you believe?

Yes, everything of C can be learn t in only 7 days if you really concentrate.C was invented for building UNIX OS by Denis Ritchie on 1972!

   What do you think , why C ruled in IT industry for 25 and more years alone?(still in use)

Execution speed , easy to learn or compiler availability what is it… comment it below and let me know what you think about it?.. is learning C waste of time or very much needed?

Happy Programming.

   

What hard disk you should buy this year?

   Well, I will just let you know some thing about hard disk history first, even in 1984 the original Macintosh had no hard disk at all, program and data both used to be stored in floppy disks and later hard disks came as additional feature, they were very noisy and slow to transfer data, and failing rate was too high, Take a look at a  Maxtor 10 gb fat noisy hard disk from 1990

So, let’s back to the original topic , which hard disk you should buy this year? Of course you want a ssd right ? ( see my ssd or hdd article to be sure ) and are you thinking to buy a SATA interfaced ssd? Why??????   SATA has maximum speed of 16 Gb/s , actual speed 1969 Mb/s . why to put a semiconductor based ssd on slower SATA port? Do you know USB 3.1 is even faster than SATA? \

   Then what should you do?

Go for a pci-E based or pci enhaced based ssd like    go to this amazon link

Well, that will be a little costly but just think about it …. You were using a train engine to pull a bicycle. ssd is fast but not fully fast in SATA,

So, you probably should buy a pci-E based ssd for your primary hard disk to enjoy full performance. Apple use this pci-E based hard disk in all of their Mac books.

Happy and fast data transferring and Happy Durga Puja to all.

Lcd and Led

  Ok, everybody knows that lcd is liquid crystal display and led is light emitting diode but did you know that led displays are actually led backlight lcd ?... or lcd has got ccfl backlight? No? Then read the entire article.

   So, there is not much difference in lcd and led, only the backlighting system is different and that’s why led displays consume that less power compared to traditional lcd displays, well lcd displays used to contain low quality human eye hurting polarized glass and led displays use better polarized glass, but that’s minor.

   There are lots of types, like TN panel, IPS panel, and etc.

    TN panel is very basic and cheap and colour production is not great in TN panel but in IPS panel the colour production and resolution is really very great and it’s  really good for human eyes, and there are different types of led also, like high brightness led and low brightness led, their brightness is measured by nits unit

  Next time when you are buying a display then check for the panel type and viewing angle and nits and power consumption and contrast ratio.

Happy monitoring.

Cache memory explained

    Cache memory is not that common word for regular people, now some people know what a RAM or CPU is or motherboard is but cache memory? ... nuh!

That’s why I am here to explain cache memory, even if you know what a cache is then you probably don’t know it deeply or very well, or know it all wrong so, let’s start.

     Now don’t confuse with HDD cache and CPU cache , today we will talk about both of them but by saying cache memory we primarily understand CPU  cache,

Before 1980 there was no cache in computers.

CPU cache remain in between the RAM and CPU because RAM is way slower than CPU just see… a 3.7 GHz CPU has to work with a DDR3 1800 MHz RAM, the speed the not matching right?... So, t5he CPU will complete the work faster and the RAM will lag, to solve this bottleneck computer scientists introduced a much faster and costly memory called cache and to reduce the price the used the cache between RAM and CPU to synchronize the speed. The more your CPU has Cache the faster it can transfer data, don’t know what L1, L2, and L3 cache is?

 I am here to tell you…. 

L1 cache is costlier than L2 cache and faster also so L1 is smaller in size than L2, just the way CPU is transferring data from RAM through cache CPU also transfer data from L3 cache through faster and smaller L1 cache.

Time to talk about HDD cache

HDD cache is just situated in hard disk to make the hard disk more faster now when the cpu calls some data from hard disk the data transfers through RAM and hence HDD is much slower than RAM here data also bottlenecks, to solve this problem there is a Cache in HDD which is in between all other component of computer and the HDD. HDD cache is less costly than CPU cache and now-a-days HDD cache is normally be 8mb to 128mb and SSD contains up to 1 GB of cache.

What happened to windows 9?

When Windows 10 was first announced, everyone immediately had one burning question to ask Microsoft concerning the freshly rejigged OS. And that question was: "Uhh, what the hell happened to Windows 9?"
Windows 8 followed sequentially on from Windows 7, but somehow, Windows 9 got skipped -- and it seems that’s something Redmond isn’t afraid to joke about, via Joe Belfiore’s and other Microsoft staff members' T-shirts.

Yes, "Business insider" reports that Belfiore (who is Corporate VP of Operating Systems at Microsoft) was snapped wearing the special T-shirt at the Build conference last week, with the garment bearing a binary-coded message that enterprising developer Kevin Gosse deciphered by scrutinizing the photo.

So what did it say? Well, there were four sentences in binary in each quadrant of the Windows logo on the shirt, one of which 'explained' the fate of Windows 9.
It read: "Windows 10, because 7 8 9".
Ha-ha, indeed. If you don’t get it, read the sentence out loud -- because apparently, Windows 7 ate Windows 9.
This is actually a joke that has done the rounds on the net before, as was another of the coded sentences, which read: "There are 10 types of people in the world" -- an old binary gag.
The real reason why Windows 9 was ditched? We reckon it’s simply because Microsoft wanted to literally put some distance between the flop that was (and still is) Windows 8 and its successor. It’s a psychological play and a reference to the fact that Windows 10 is a big step on, and far removed, from Windows 8, and probably just because windows 10 is the last version of windows.

Is windows 8.1 that bad?

Well, that’s a long story,remember windows vista? Or windows me? They were just like windows 8.1, none was that bad but everybody just knew it’s bad so lots of people just didn’t try it at all.

   Well, their first version was not good like in windows 8 they removed the start button which was most revolutionary step in windows 95, or increased hardware requirement crazily in windows vista .

   But life does not stop so, Microsoft released windows vista SP2 and windows 8.1 but nobody noticed them clearly , otherwise windows 10 got 5% market share in few months and 8.1 still owns 11% market share after long 2 years. Oh! People just decide what’s bad and good by their first version.

   I am personally using windows 8.1 for 1 and ½ years and it works flawlessly and I used windows 10 and it has problem with older drivers and you can’t disable windows update and there are lots of reasons to dislike it, probably windows 10 will be hit because people were sure that it would be great.

    Enjoy all OS please; otherwise you will miss a lot.

Hdd or ssd or flash?

   Most people think that getting a ssd would make your computer super fast which is not true, like if you have a 200 mhz RAM and a pci or pci-e based flash then your computer can’t transfer data faster than 200mhz because every single data cpu process has to be transferred through RAM and cache memory .

   So, if you are planning to buy a high cost ssd and expecting too much then you will be disappointed because the RAM is a semiconductor memory and traditional HDD s are magnetic memory for that HDD s used to be way slower than RAM, but now ssd and RAM both are made of semiconductor so speed of them vary just because of different interface like DDR3 and SATA.

  Would you buy a ssd or not?

That’s a million dollar question, if you have a RAM of 1800 mhz then ofcourse, but if you have a 667 mhz DDR2 ram or 800 mhz DDR3 RAM then probably buying high performance or high cache memory equipped hdd is great for you because ssd has a limited life span, and yes! Don’t confuse with processor cache and hdd cache, processor cache is way costly and faster than hdd cache but the more cache you have total in you computer will make your computer  Faster.

   Happy Data Transferring.

FUTURE OF COMPUTERS

This is all about how people are going to use computer, as we can see Ken olsen (founder of Digital Equipment Corporation. 1977)told that
"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home."
and now everyone carry a computer in their pocket, and some even carry a computer in their wrist or in glass(google glass)  and he is proved completely wrong.
So, in future people is going to wear computers and people are going to forget desktops completely just like we forgot computers like ENIAC today in 2015.
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Nobody can see what would happen but "google now" or "hey siri" proves that computers wilol be very smart in future with dozens of high quality sensors and efficient processor and faster RAM .
I personally think computers will be able to do whatever a human can do and may be more.
What if a computer became self aware one day? as they are getting smarter every day it's very sure that one day must they will be self aware or something better than that , maybe after 100 years or 1000 years but they will be for sure.
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the alien... we are just creating them right here... Computers will be the most surprising thing in future not alien!